01 / The world before
Many ulcers were attributed mainly to stress or acid.
02 / The discovery
Evidence established that Helicobacter pylori plays a role in many ulcers.
03 / The people
Robin Warren, Barry Marshall and other researchers.
04 / The obstacles
An unfamiliar hypothesis faced scrutiny and needed replication.
05 / The world after
Antibiotic-based treatment became possible for many patients.
06 / Why it still matters
Diagnosis should follow evidence rather than assumption.